 | | Secretary of State John Kerry stopped in Singapore today on his way to a Southeast Asia security conference. Wallace Woon/European Pressphoto Agency | Your Tuesday Briefing By ADEEL HASSAN |
| Good morning. |
| Here's what you need to know: |
| • The power of persuasion. |
| After his successful negotiation of the Iran nuclear agreement, Secretary of State John Kerry urged countries discussing a major Pacific Rim trade deal in Singapore today to overcome their differences. |
| Mr. Kerry travels to Malaysia later today for the Southeast Asia annual security forum, at which Beijing's growing assertiveness in the South China Sea will be a major focus. |
| • Preparing the invitations. |
| The deadline to qualify for the Fox News debate for Republican candidates on Thursday is 5 p.m. Eastern today, and the average of the five latest polls determines the 10 who can participate. |
| Those on the bubble include Gov. John R. Kasich of Ohio, Gov. Chris Christie of New Jersey and former Gov. Rick Perry of Texas. |
| On Monday night, 14 G.O.P. candidates delivered uneven performances at a forum in New Hampshire. |
| • Happy birthday, Mr. President. |
| President Obama spends part of his 54th birthday today hearing pitches from entrepreneurs at the White House's first Demo Day. |
| He also meets with Ban Ki-moon, the U.N. secretary general, who hailed the climate change regulations the president announced on Monday. |
| Mr. Obama was the fifth-youngest U.S. president when he took office in 2009. Theodore Roosevelt was the youngest, followed by John F. Kennedy, Bill Clinton and Ulysses S. Grant. |
| • On Capitol Hill. |
| The U.S. Senate considers a cybersecurity bill that would make it easier for companies to share information about cyberthreats with the government. Many firms say they are concerned about how the government would use the data. |
| On Monday, Republican legislation to cut off federal funding for Planned Parenthood failed to gather enough support in the Senate. See how your senator voted. |
| • Psychologists and interrogations. |
| The board of the American Psychological Association is expected to recommend that members approve an ethics policy that would prohibit members from involvement in national security interrogations. |
| A board investigation found that prominent psychologists participated in interrogation techniques that constituted torture during the administration of George W. Bush and that they still play roles in terrorism cases. |
| • Legionnaires' disease. |
| Seven people have died and at least 81 have been sickened in New York City from an outbreak of the respiratory illness that is thought to have originated in water-cooling towers. |
| • Execution in Pakistan. |
| Shafqat Hussain, who was convicted of killing a 7-year-old boy in 2004, when he was 14, was hanged today despite an international outcry over his death sentence. |
| MARKETS |
| • Greek stocks were off 4.5 percent early today, dragged down by an additional 30 percent plunge in the four main bank stocks. |
| On Wall Street, stock futures are barely moving this morning. European shares are mixed, and Asia closed mostly higher. |
| • With more than half of the S.&P. 500 companies now having posted second-quarter results, Thomson Reuters estimates that overall earnings have edged up 0.9 percent and revenue declined 3.3 percent. |
| Disney and Aetna report today. |
| • Toyota, which just lost the global car sales crown to Volkswagen for the first half of the year, said today its quarterly profit rose 10 percent, beating expectations. |
| NOTEWORTHY |
| • Taking it to the streets. |
| It's National Night Out, with events in hundreds of U.S. cities to bring residents out to meet the police and learn about anti-crime efforts. |
| • Writers' journeys. |
| A former war correspondent, Anna Badkhen, writes about the year she spent with nomads, herding cattle and walking across the savanna in Mali, in "Walking With Abel," released today. |
| And the first two novels by Haruki Murakami, written in 1978, have been retranslated into English and put into one volume, "Wind/Pinball." |
| • An overlooked cancer treatment. |
| A treatment for ovarian cancer, in which chemotherapy is pumped directly into the abdomen, could add 16 months or more to women's lives, researchers say, but fewer than half of patients with the cancer at U.S. hospitals are receiving it. |
| • Greenhouse gas estimates. |
| An inventor of a device to measure methane in the atmosphere suggests in a scientific journal today that the amount of escaped greenhouse gas could be far greater than accepted estimates. |
| • Jill Scott slinks to the top. |
| The R&B singer has her second No. 1 album on the Billboard chart with "Woman," as streaming data from Apple Music joined the list of providers who make up the chart. |
| • In memoriam. |
| Vincent Marotta Sr., who in the 1970s helped create the Mr. Coffee machine that knocked the percolator from its perch, died at the age of 91. |
| BACK STORY |
| Last week, the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board criticized Virgin Galactic for oversights while building a space plane that disintegrated during a test flight and killed the co-pilot last fall. |
| That got us wondering: Who governs outer space? |
| The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 and the Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies of 1979 are U.N. agreements affirming that the use of outer space is for the benefit of all nations, though the so-called Moon Treaty hasn't been ratified by any of the major space-faring nations. |
| More-specific agreements have set guidelines for where to install objects in space and how to assign blame if they plummet back to Earth. |
| If there had been any major damage when the U.S.-owned Skylab fell in Australia in 1979, the U.S. would have been liable under terms of the 1973 Liability Convention. |
| And the 1967 agreement bans all weapons in space, though there are loopholes. |
| None of the pacts prohibit private land claims, so while you can buy "deeds" to lunar land and "name" a star for a price, they're novelty sales that cannot be legally enforced. |
| Victoria Shannon contributed reporting. |
| Your Morning Briefing is published weekdays at 6 a.m. Eastern and updated on the web all morning. |
| What would you like to see here? Contact us at briefing@nytimes.com. |
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