Fwd: Science X Newsletter Fri, Aug 11

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Od: Newsletter Science X <not-for-reply@physorg.com>
Date: sob., 12 sie 2023, 02:02
Subject: Science X Newsletter Fri, Aug 11
To: Andrzej Antoni Czerwinski <andrzej.czerwinski22@gmail.com>

Dear Andrzej Antoni Czerwinski,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for August 11, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Researchers use ribbons of graphene to push the material's potential

Arrays of quantum rods could enhance TVs or virtual reality devices, research suggests

2D optical waveguides: Scientists invent smallest known way to guide light

Hundred-year storms? That's how long they last on Saturn

Computer security experts offer advice to freeze out risk of thermal attacks

Archaeologists uncover Europe's oldest stilt village

Scientists identify two new species of mole in the mountains of eastern Turkey

Zentropy and the art of creating new ferroelectric materials

After 17 years, NASA's STEREO-A spacecraft makes its first Earth flyby

New recycling process could find markets for 'junk' plastic waste

Researchers look to Latin America for clues on healthy brain aging

Raising awareness of long COVID 'blue legs' symptom

Scientists pioneer new machine learning model for corrosion-resistant alloy design

Scientists develop synthetic extracellular matrix that supports endometrial organoids

Malaria vaccine candidate appears safe and produces promising immune response in a cohort of Tanzanian infants

Nanotechnology news

	Researchers use ribbons of graphene to push the material's potential Think you know everything about a material? Try giving it a twist—literally. That's the main idea of an emerging field in condensed matter physics called "twistronics," which has researchers drastically changing the properties of 2D materials, like graphene, with subtle changes—as small as going from a 1.1° to 1.2°—in the angle between stacked layers.
	Arrays of quantum rods could enhance TVs or virtual reality devices, research suggests Flat screen TVs that incorporate quantum dots are now commercially available, but it has been more difficult to create arrays of their elongated cousins, quantum rods, for commercial devices. Quantum rods can control both the polarization and color of light, to generate 3D images for virtual reality devices.
	Researchers develop novel antifouling nanofiltration membranes using ionic liquid A new post-modification strategy has been proposed by a research group led by Prof. Wan Yinhua from Institute of Process Engineering (IPE) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, aiming to achieve high separation selectivity and strong fouling resistance of nanofiltration (NF) membranes. The strategy involves polyamide swelling rearrangement induced by ionic liquid (IL), which facilitates polyelectrolyte deep grafting. The study was published in the AIChE Journal.
	Researchers develop new technology to recycle greenhouse gas into energy, materials A pair of University of Central Florida researchers has developed new methods to produce energy and materials from the harmful greenhouse gas, methane.

Physics news

	2D optical waveguides: Scientists invent smallest known way to guide light Directing light from place to the place is the backbone of our modern world. Beneath the oceans and across continents, fiber optic cables carry light that encodes everything from YouTube videos to banking transmissions—all inside strands about the size of a hair.
	A quantum leap in mechanical oscillator technology Over the past decade, scientists have made tremendous progress in generating quantum phenomena in mechanical systems. What seemed impossible only fifteen years ago has now become a reality, as researchers successfully create quantum states in macroscopic mechanical objects.
	Astronomers search for dark matter annihilation at the center of the Earth Dark matter is one of the thorniest mysteries of modern cosmology. On the one hand, astronomers have gathered a wealth of supporting evidence through galaxy clustering statistics, gravitational lensing, and cosmic microwave background fluctuations, on the other hand, there are no particles in the standard model of particle physics that could account for dark matter, and we haven't been able to detect its effect locally.
	Is there new physics beyond the standard model of particle physics? Our finding will help settle the question Despite its tremendous success in predicting the existence of new particles and forces, the standard model of particle physics, designed over 50 years ago to explain the smallest building blocks of nature, isn't the complete "theory of everything" physicists have been longing for.
	Femtosecond laser technique births 'dancing microrobots': A breakthrough in multi-material microfabrication A research team led by Prof. Wu Dong from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) proposed a femtosecond laser 2-in-1 writing multi-material processing strategy to fabricate micromachined joints composed of temperature-sensitive hydrogels and metal nanoparticles, and developed multi-jointed humanoid micromachines with multiple deformation modes (>10). The results were published in Nature Communications.
	Achieving dynamic imaging of interfacial electrochemistry A research team led by Prof. Liu Xianwei from the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) of the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) has made progress in the dynamic imaging of interfacial electrochemistry. The results were published in Nature Communications under the title of "Dynamic Imaging of Interfacial Electrochemistry on Single Ag Nanowires by Azimuth-modulated Plasmonic Scattering Interferometry."
	A high-precision flatness measurement for cryogenic mosaic focal plane arrays A research team led by Professor Wang Jian, the deputy chief designer of the Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST) and a faculty member of the State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Detection and Nuclear Electronics of the School of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), carried out the key technology of the main focus camera. The results were published in IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

Earth news

	Study suggests rise in global photosynthesis rate due to increase in carbon dioxide has slowed A team of Earth scientists at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science's Grassland Research Institute, working with colleagues from several institutions in the U.S., has found evidence that the rise in photosynthesis rates around the world caused by the increase of carbon dioxide, has slowed dramatically. In their research, reported in the journal Science, the group measured changes in global photosynthesis rates over the past several decades.
	Could artificially dimming the sun prevent ice melt? With methods of so-called geoengineering, the climate could theoretically be artificially influenced and cooled. Bernese researchers have now investigated whether it would be possible to prevent the melting of the West Antarctic ice sheet by artificially "dimming the sun." The results show that artificial influence does not work without decarbonization and entails high risks.
	Indigenous voices need to lead Australia's response to the climate crisis Australia must address historic and contemporary systemic racism to better tackle the climate crisis, according to one of the key conclusions in a paper published in Science, in a special edition where the international publication turns its gaze on examining Australia's environmental challenges.
	Wallacea: A living laboratory of Earth's evolution. Its wildlife, forests and reefs will be devastated if we don't act Wallacea is a fascinating region of both land and sea. Spanning approximately 338,000 square kilometers within Indonesia, it is home to a rich diversity of animals and plants, with hybrid species from both Asia and Australia/Papua regions.
	Biden bets billions on tech that sucks carbon out of the air The Biden administration is throwing its weight behind technology that sucks planet-warming carbon dioxide out of the air, selecting the first winners of a $3.5 billion fund dedicated to developing the machines scientists say will be needed to stop the worst effects of climate change.
	Key Spanish lagoon dries out due to drought, overexploitation The largest permanent lagoon in drought-hit southern Spain's Donana natural park, home of one of Europe's largest wetlands, has completely dried out for the second summer in a row.
	How El Nino could impact health, food and the economy The El Niño weather phenomenon is just warming up, according to scientists, potentially paving the way for higher temperatures and extreme weather events in a year that has already seen plenty of both.
	China rains death toll rises to 78 as new storm approaches The death toll from record-breaking rains across northern China rose to at least 78 on Friday, as authorities warned of more flooding and another storm approached the country.
	Indonesia says capital pollution spike due to weather, vehicles Indonesia's government on Friday blamed a pollution spike in traffic-clogged capital Jakarta on weather patterns and vehicle emissions after the city topped global rankings four days this week.
	Maui wildfires: Extra logistical challenges hinder government's initial response when disasters strike islands Wildfires destroyed the Hawaiian tourist town of Lahaina on Aug. 8 and 9, 2023, leaving many of its roughly 13,000 residents homeless. Fires also burned in other areas on Maui, Hawaii's second-largest island, and its Big Island. President Joe Biden issued a disaster declaration on Aug. 10, which authorizes federal aid for communities in harm's way.
	Maui wildfires point to a long, painful road ahead, disaster recovery expert says The devastating wildfires that swept quickly through the Hawaiian island of Maui this week have claimed the lives of at least 36 people. The wind-whipped flames left the historic town of Lahaina, known as a site of Hawaiian cultural heritage, in ruins. As a result of the devastation, President Joe Biden issued a major disaster declaration on Thursday.
	Five dead, 40,000 evacuated as monsoon floods hit Myanmar Floods and landslides caused by monsoon rains have killed five people and forced the evacuation of around 40,000 others in Myanmar, officials said Friday.
	Arctic monitoring program plays vital role in global pollution reduction efforts Historically, the Arctic was considered a pristine region, but scientific research spanning the last three decades has revealed the harsh reality of long-range transported pollutants reaching the Arctic from different corners of the world. In response to this alarming discovery, AMAP was created with the mission to monitor pollution and its effects on the Arctic environment and human health.

Astronomy and Space news

	Hundred-year storms? That's how long they last on Saturn The largest storm in the solar system, a 10,000-mile-wide anticyclone called the Great Red Spot, has decorated Jupiter's surface for hundreds of years.
	After 17 years, NASA's STEREO-A spacecraft makes its first Earth flyby On August 12, 2023, NASA's STEREO-A spacecraft passes between the sun and Earth, marking the first Earth flyby of the nearly 17-year-old mission. The visit home brings a special chance for the spacecraft to collaborate with NASA missions near Earth and reveal new insights into our closest star.
	A novel method uses gravity data to determine where density anomalies lie inside planetary bodies Getting to know planets or moons inside out isn't easy. Like Earth and its moon, many celestial bodies are multilayered and can contain anomalous internal features that reflect the complex history of their formation, collisions with other bodies, and ongoing planetary dynamics.
	A rocket with a lunar landing craft blasts off on Russia's first moon mission in nearly 50 years A rocket carrying a lunar landing craft blasted off Friday on Russia's first moon mission in nearly 50 years, racing to land on Earth's satellite ahead of an Indian spacecraft.
	Solar system fingerprints found in memories of ESA flotilla Memories of solar impact from seven ESA spacecraft have been collected and analyzed in a first-of-its-kind study to better understand the radiation environment in space. Huge amounts of engineering data has been used to reveal the impact of extreme space weather events on spacecraft throughout the solar system where no scientific observations are available, with implications for future spacecraft design, space weather science and our understanding of the risks posed to human and robotic life outside of Earth's protective shield.
	Image: Hubble captures lenticular galaxy NGC 6684 The lenticular galaxy NGC 6684 bathes this image from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope in a pale light. Captured with Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys, this galaxy is around 44 million light-years from Earth in the constellation Pavo. Pavo—the Latin name for peacock—is a constellation in the southern sky and one of four constellations collectively known as the Southern Birds.

Technology news

	Computer security experts offer advice to freeze out risk of thermal attacks A team of computer security experts have developed a set of recommendations to help defend against "thermal attacks" which can steal personal information.
	The future of hydrogen fuel: Developing a technique to analyze hydrogen fuel cell stability Scientists at the University of New South Wales Sydney are working on ways to improve the efficiency and cost of hydrogen fuel cells, to increase access to clean fuel.
	Worldcoin scans eyeballs and offers crypto. What to know about the project from OpenAI's CEO Weeks after its international launch, Worldcoin is drawing the attention of privacy regulators around the world, with the Kenya's government going so far as to shut down the service indefinitely.
	Boosting concrete's ability to serve as a natural 'carbon sink' Damian Stefaniuk is a postdoc at the MIT Concrete Sustainability Hub (CSHub). He works with MIT professors Franz-Josef Ulm and Admir Masic of the MIT Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE) to investigate multifunctional concrete. Here, he provides an overview of carbonation in cement-based products, a brief explanation of why understanding carbonation in the life cycle of cement products is key for assessing their environmental impact, and an update on current research to bolster the process.
	Heritage algorithms combine the rigors of science with the infinite possibilities of art and design The model of democracy in the 1920s is sometimes called "the melting pot"—the dissolution of different cultures into an American soup. An update for the 2020s might be "open source," where cultural mixing, sharing and collaborating can build bridges between people rather than create divides.
	A new message encryption scheme inspired by the Sudoku puzzle A novel advance in data security is discussed in the International Journal of Information and Computer Security in which the Japanese puzzle known as Sudoku promises a cryptographic system for text information that works even in situations where computational power is limited. The approach could have applications in devices with constrained computer resources such as radio-frequency identification devices (RFID), medical and health care instruments, remote sensing networks, and smart cards.
	Google loses bid to toss lawsuit over 'potentially embarrassing' Incognito mode data grabbing A federal court judge this week shot down Google's attempt to scuttle a multi-billion-dollar class-action lawsuit accusing it of making an Orwellian grab of "potentially embarrassing" data from users' "Incognito mode" and other private browsing.
	Foundations seek to advance AI for good—and also protect the world from its threats While technology experts sound the alarm on the pace of artificial-intelligence development, philanthropists—including long-established foundations and tech billionaires—have been responding with an uptick in grants.
	In the twilight of the muscle car era, demand for the new 486-horsepower V-8 Ford Mustang is roaring New versions of the Mustang muscle car will begin shipping next week and more than two thirds of the orders include the big, 5-liter V-8 engine, Ford said Friday.
	US to invest $1.2 bn in plants to pull carbon from air The US government said Friday it will spend up to $1.2 billion for two pioneering facilities to vacuum carbon out of the air, a technology to combat global warming that is not universally praised by experts.
	Connecticut school district lost more than $6 million in cyber attack, so far gotten about half back The city of New Haven lost more than $6 million in multiple cyberattacks on its public school district earlier this summer and has so far managed to recoup about half of the money, officials announced Thursday.
	Musk says cage fight with Zuckerberg will be in Italy Elon Musk said Friday that his much-hyped cage fight with Mark Zuckerberg would take place in Italy, as authorities there confirmed talks about hosting a "great charity event."

Chemistry news

	Zentropy and the art of creating new ferroelectric materials Systems in the universe trend toward disorder, with only applied energy keeping the chaos at bay. The concept is called entropy, and examples can be found everywhere: ice melting, campfire burning, water boiling. Zentropy theory, however, adds another level to the mix.
	New recycling process could find markets for 'junk' plastic waste Although many Americans deposit their plastic trash into the appropriate bins each week, many of those materials, including flexible films, multilayer materials and a lot of colored plastics, are not recyclable using conventional mechanical recycling methods. In the end, only about 9% of plastic in the United States is ever reused, often in low-value products. With a new technique, however, University of Wisconsin–Madison chemical engineers are turning low-value waste plastic into high-value products.
	Scientists pioneer new machine learning model for corrosion-resistant alloy design In a world where annual economic losses from corrosion surpass 2.5 trillion US Dollars, the quest for corrosion-resistant alloys and protective coatings is unbroken. Artificial intelligence (AI) is playing an increasingly pivotal role in designing new alloys. Yet, the predictive power of AI models in foreseeing corrosion behavior and suggesting optimal alloy formulas has remained elusive.
	Researchers find indicator of polyfluoroalkyl substances in some period products Period products come in a variety of styles—liners, pads, tampons, cups and underwear—to help people feel comfortable during a menstrual bleed. But their labels don't usually list the ingredients, so consumers don't know what's in their product of choice.
	Researchers visualize novel catalyst at work A novel catalysis scheme enables chemical reactions that were previously virtually impossible. A method developed at the University of Bonn is also environmentally friendly and does not require rare and precious metals.
	Getting protein factories to run—How deubiquitinating enzymes moonlight as Fubi proteases The small protein ubiquitin is particularly famous for marking proteins for degradation but it has also been shown to regulate virtually all cellular processes. In parallel to the ubiquitin system various other ubiquitin-like modifiers have evolved, of which Fubi is particularly poorly studied despite its immunomodulatory activity.
	Study: Infant formula safety checks can be improved with stratified sampling Producers of infant formula employ comprehensive food safety systems, including product testing to ensure those systems are working. A new study from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign finds that some testing methods are more powerful at catching contaminants than others.
	Developing new catalysts for carbon dioxide electroreduction As a crucial part of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technology, CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to carbon-based fuels and chemicals presents broad application prospects in renewable energy storage and CO2 negative emission.

Biology news

	Scientists identify two new species of mole in the mountains of eastern Turkey Scientists have identified two types of mole which they believe have been living undiscovered in the mountains of eastern Turkey for as many as 3 million years.
	New method a step toward future 3D printing of human tissues A team of bioengineers and biomedical scientists from the University of Sydney and the Children's Medical Research Institute (CMRI) at Westmead have used 3D photolithographic printing to create a complex environment for assembling tissue that mimics the architecture of an organ.
	Experts say radical shift needed in our relationship with the environment A radical shift in our relationship with the environment is needed and it is time we intervene in the extinction crisis, experts say.
	Evolving elegance: Scientists connect beauty and safeguarding in ammonoid shells Ammonoids are a group of extinct marine mollusk animals that are now an iconic fossil group often collected by amateurs. Over 350 million years of evolution, ammonoids developed increasingly elaborate shells with fractal-like geometry. For nearly 200 years, scientists have debated the reason why these animals show a trend of increasing complexity in their shell structures.
	Mosquito hearing could be targeted by insecticides Specific receptors in the ears of mosquitoes have been revealed to modulate their hearing, finds a new study led by researchers at UCL and University of Oldenburg.
	Genetic blueprint for vaccine and therapeutics production in plants An international research project led by QUT has made a major step forward on the potential of the Australian plant, N. benthamiana, to grow therapeutic proteins and vaccines cheaply and quickly. The research, titled "A multi-omic Nicotiana benthamiana resource for fundamental research and biotechnology" and published in Nature Plants, has determined the complete genome sequence of this plant, which has been used in the production of least three COVID-19 vaccines and three COVID-19 testing kits.
	Chemicals from maize roots influence wheat yield Maize roots secrete certain chemicals that affect the quality of soil. In some fields, this effect increases yields of wheat planted subsequent to maize in the same soil by more than 4%. This was proven by researchers from the University of Bern. While the findings from several field experiments show that these effects are highly variable, in the long term they may yet help to make the cultivation of grains more sustainable, without the need for additional fertilizers or pesticides.
	Behind the rind: New genomic insights into watermelon evolution, quality, and resilience Watermelon is a globally significant agricultural product, both in terms of the total amount produced and the total economic value generated.
	High-precision genome sequencing of buckwheat breeds hope for future harvests A research group led by Kyoto University's Graduate School of Agriculture has deciphered buckwheat's high-precision chromosomal-level genome sequence, a key step toward unraveling the evolution of the buckwheat genome and the origins of the cultivated crop.
	How soil microfauna diversity and community assembly change across latitudes in croplands Soil microfauna are microscopic animals that live in the soil and play important roles in nutrient cycling, plant growth, and ecosystem functioning. A team of researchers from the Institute of Applied Ecology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences conducted a study on how the diversity and community assembly of soil microfauna are affected by the latitudinal gradient. The findings were published in Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment.
	Alien invasive species in Australia Since the break-up of Gondwana, Australia's biodiversity has evolved mostly in isolation from the rest of the world. Many of our species are unique to Australia.
	Research sheds light on why leafcutter bees may prefer some leaves over others Leafcutter bees earned their name by the way they cut circular bits of leaves to use as building materials for their nests. But the bees seem to prefer some leaves more than others, and researchers now think they know why.
	Lion farming in South Africa: Fresh evidence adds weight to fears of link with illegal bone trade In South Africa an estimated 8,000 lions are bred and kept in captivity for commercial purposes in more than 350 facilities. This is far more than the country's wild population, estimated at 3,500 individuals.
	The disappearance of vultures can have unforeseen consequences, including for humans Vultures are often associated with death, but some vulture species are themselves at risk of extinction. What can their fate tell us about the interaction between humans and the natural world in our time?
	Know the requirements for your pet's rabies vaccination Routine vaccinations are an essential part of your pet's veterinary care, and veterinarians typically guide owners on how often your pet needs which shots. In the case of rabies, however, owners may be asked by their veterinarian if they prefer a vaccine that lasts one year or three years.
	Interdisciplinary team studies decomposition effects on soil Forensic researchers at UT Knoxville's famous Anthropological Research Facility, popularly known as the "Body Farm," have made headlines for decades in their discoveries of what happens to human bodies after death. Now, a multidisciplinary team—engineers, soil scientists, and biologists—digs in with them for a deeper look at what happens to the soil underneath a decomposing body.

Medicine and Health news

	Researchers look to Latin America for clues on healthy brain aging Researchers at Trinity College Dublin study the factors influencing healthy brain aging in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries and find the lessons learned there, can also be applied to home.
	Raising awareness of long COVID 'blue legs' symptom An unusual case of a long COVID patient's legs turning blue after 10 minutes of standing highlights the need for greater awareness of this symptom among people with the condition, according to new research. The study, "Venous insufficiency and acrocyanosis in long COVID: dysautonomia," has been published in The Lancet.
	Scientists develop synthetic extracellular matrix that supports endometrial organoids Scientists have developed a synthetic extracellular matrix (ECM) that can support the growth of a mini endometrium in a dish for at least two weeks. The endometrium—the mucosal lining of the uterus—has been historically hard to model in the lab, which has limited scientists' ability to study its role in healthy and diseased states like endometriosis.
	Malaria vaccine candidate appears safe and produces promising immune response in a cohort of Tanzanian infants An experimental malaria vaccine appears safe and promotes an immune response in African infants, one of the groups most vulnerable to severe malaria disease.
	Playing football may increase the risk for Parkinson's disease Identification of risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD) is essential for early diagnosis. Dating back to the 1920s, Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism—an umbrella term that refers to motor symptoms found in Parkinson's disease and also other conditions—have long been described in boxers. Repetitive head impacts from tackle football can also have long-term neurological consequences like chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). But research on the association between participation in tackle football and PD is limited.
	Study shows the benefit of harnessing the body's own immune cells to fight brain cancer Glioblastoma, the most common and deadly form of brain cancer, grows rapidly to invade and destroy healthy brain tissue. The tumor sends out cancerous tendrils into the brain that make surgical tumor removal extremely difficult or impossible.
	Team identifies 169 genes associated with production of melanin in the skin, hair and eyes A team of geneticists and systems biologists at Stanford University has associated 169 genes that with the production of melanin in the skin, hair and eyes. In their study, reported in the journal Science, the group conducted a flow cytometry analysis and genome-wide CRISPR screen of cell samples.
	Is science getting closer to the brain center for male libido? A single hardwired brain circuit might be responsible for male sexual drive, a new mouse study reports.
	Exercise training and yoga can improve lung function in adults with asthma Yoga and breathing control practices, in combination with aerobic training, are particularly key exercises for asthmatic people seeking to improve their lung function, a new peer-reviewed study suggests.
	US suicides hit an all-time high last year About 49,500 people took their own lives last year in the U.S., the highest number ever, according to new government data posted Thursday.
	An old antibiotic may get new life as an STI prevention pill The United States is set to roll out a powerful new weapon in the long fight against sexually transmitted infections: a decades-old antibiotic repurposed as a preventative pill.
	Study finds fat burning during exercise varies widely between individuals The best heart rate for burning fat differs for each individual and often does not align with the "fat burning zone" on commercial exercise machines, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai researchers report.
	Study shows the health impact of climate change is not adequately recorded A Monash University-led study has proposed a solution for the urgent need to capture real-time data on the impact of climate change-related events on human health, health care workforces, and health care systems at the point of care.
	Social media use interventions alleviate symptoms of depression Receiving therapy for problematic social media use can be effective in improving the mental well-being of people with depression, finds a new study by University College London researchers.
	Transplant recipients with limited protection from primary COVID-19 vaccinations, find third dose boosts response Transplant recipients must take life-long immunosuppressive medications to prevent rejection, but these drugs can compromise the effectiveness of vaccines.
	Many Americans faced food insufficiency following discontinuation of pandemic-related benefits, study finds The recent discontinuation of pandemic-related food assistance benefits, known as the Supplemental Food Assistance Program (SNAP) Emergency Allotments, led to a substantial increase in food insufficiency in the United States, according to a new study led by researchers at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.
	Global COVID cases up 80% as new subvariant rises The number of new COVID-19 cases reported worldwide rose by 80 percent in the last month, the World Health Organization said on Friday, days after designating a new "variant of interest".
	Patients prescribed intermittent corticosteroids are less likely to have fracture risks considered, research suggests Prolonged use of corticosteroids, such as prednisolone, has been shown to cause osteoporosis and therefore increases the risk of breaking a bone. The more corticosteroids are taken, the greater the damage can be.
	Researchers ask dermatologists which skin care products we really need From cleansers to creams and serums to sunscreens, the skin care aisle is bursting with products that promise to make our skin look brighter, softer, younger, better. But which products are must-haves, and which are unnecessary? Should you shell out extra cash for "clean" cosmetics? And is sunscreen really that important?
	Global study finds COVID-19 disease may cause change in menstrual cycle length A new international study finds that individuals with COVID-19 disease may experience small, temporary changes in menstrual cycle length. Researchers emphasize changes are minor and typically return to normal in next menstrual cycle.
	Mosquitoes: Fact and fiction when it comes to bite prevention No one likes mosquitoes. Their bites can cause uncomfortable and sometimes painful reactions and put a damper on even the best summer soiree. They can also carry diseases and viruses such as Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), the most dangerous virus spread by insects in North America, and West Nile virus, the leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in the U.S.
	Neural network predicts survival of critically ill patients on heart–lung bypass A research team led by engineers and cardiologists from Monash University has used artificial intelligence (AI) to develop an algorithm to accurately predict the survival of intensive care patients who need external heart–lung support (ECMO).
	Study shows cardamom increases appetite, burns fat A new study by Texas A&M AgriLife revealed a range of health and dietary benefits of consuming cardamom, including increased appetite, fat loss and inflammation reduction, making the spice a "superfood."
	Sudden hearing loss in one or both ears requires immediate diagnosis and treatment If you woke up one morning and found you couldn't see out of one eye, odds are you'd call the eye doctor immediately—or even go to the emergency room. But we don't tend to treat sudden hearing loss in one or both ears with the same sense of urgency, and that's unfortunate, says Elias Michaelides, MD, an ear, nose and throat specialist at RUSH.
	Variable patient responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection are mimicked in genetically diverse mice Researchers at The Jackson Laboratory have created a panel of genetically diverse mice that accurately model the highly variable human response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Together with collaborators at NIH's Rocky Mountain Laboratories, the team uncovered differences in the innate immune and regulated proinflammatory responses, the timing and strength of which are associated with disease severity.
	Why do I fall asleep on the sofa but am wide awake when I get to bed? After a long day, you flop onto the sofa and find yourself dozing off while watching TV. The room is nice and warm, the sofa is comfortable, and the background noise of the TV lulls you to sleep.
	Does an apple a day really keep the doctor away? A nutritionist explains the science behind 'functional' foods We've all heard that an apple a day keeps the doctor away, but how true is that?
	Lab-grown 'ghost hearts' combine a cleaned-out pig heart with a patient's own stem cells Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates that 17.9 million people lose their lives to it each year, accounting for 32% of global deaths.
	Study shows immunotherapy may benefit a subset of patients with penile cancer Penile cancer is a rare disease with approximately 2,070 new cases each year in the U.S. Treatment options are limited and typically begin with platinum chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are novel therapies that are active in several cancer types but are understudied in penile cancer. Clinical trials to evaluate ICIs for penile cancer are challenging to run because the cancer is so rare.
	Research raises hopes for new treatment of fusion-driven cancer A new study presents a promising treatment method for so-called fusion-driven cancers, which are currently often difficult to cure. These fusion-driven cancers are caused by an error in cell division that creates a fusion of different genes. This fusion causes the cancer and drives the uncontrolled cell growth.
	Feds warn parents: Don't use la-la-me infant loungers due to suffocation risk Parents and caregivers are being advised to immediately stop using La-La-Me Infant Loungers because they pose a risk to babies of suffocation and falling.
	Listeria cases spur recall of 'Soft Serve On The Go' ice cream The U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Thursday recalled a brand of soft-serve ice cream after linking it to listeria cases in Pennsylvania and New York.
	Children who experience discrimination may have up to five times greater odds of suicidality Children who experience discrimination based on weight, race, or sexual orientation have significantly greater odds of being suicidal one year later, according to a new study in the Journal of Pediatrics led by researchers at the Uniformed Services University.
	COVID-19 vaccination and boosting during pregnancy found to benefit pregnant people and newborns Receiving a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine or booster during pregnancy can benefit pregnant people and their newborn infants, according to findings recently published in Vaccine. The paper describes results from the Multisite Observational Maternal and Infant Study for COVID-19 (MOMI-VAX).
	New guidance published for parents, physicians making medical decisions for children How should others make decisions for pediatric patients?
	Co-occurrence of psoriasis and rheumatic diseases common Psoriasis is associated with rheumatic diseases, according to a study published online Aug. 5 in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.
	Publication of ARRIVE trial linked to increase in 39-week induction An increase in 39-week induction rates and a decrease in cesarean delivery (CD) rates were seen following publication of A Randomized Trial of Induction vs. Expectant Management (ARRIVE) in August 2018, according to a research letter published online Aug. 10 in JAMA Network Open.
	Dengue outbreak in Bangladesh sparks alarm after 364 people die this year and infections rise Bangladesh is struggling to deal with higher casualties and infections from dengue this year, with officials warning that the death toll this month could break records.
	US high court accepts challenge to $6bn Purdue opioid settlement The US Supreme Court threw Purdue Pharma's $6 billion opioids settlement into question Thursday, accepting a challenge to the deal's immunizing the Sackler family, which controlled the drugmaker, from future litigation.
	UK accuses striking doctors of harming patients Hospital doctors in England on Friday launched their latest walkout as the government said their strike to demand a 35-percent pay increase served "only to harm patients".
	Expert discusses ways to reduce health care disparities in Black and minority communities Health care disparities still persist in 2023. It's a problem that has plagued the U.S. for decades. A report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), shows Black people and other minorities have higher mortality rates in certain areas, including heart disease and cancer.
	Researchers reveal Gasdermin D's hidden power in maintaining food tolerance A research team led by Prof. Zhu Shu from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) illustrated the role of Gasdermin D (GSDMD) protein in immunity tolerance to food in the small intestine. The study was published in Cell.
	Indiana mom dies of 'water toxicity.' Here's what you should know about drinking water too fast The death of Indiana woman Ashley Summers over the July 4th weekend has sparked discussion about the dangers of water toxicity.

Other Sciences news

	Archaeologists uncover Europe's oldest stilt village Beneath the turquoise waters of Lake Ohrid, the "Pearl of the Balkans", scientists have uncovered what may be one of Europe's earliest sedentary communities, and are trying to solve the mystery of why it sheltered behind a fortress of defensive spikes.
	Mathematics formula K-theory used to advance understanding of topological materials Terry Loring, distinguished professor of mathematics and statistics, published and co-authored a new research piece involving his research on K-theory with the major advances in applications to critical problems in physics.
	Archaeologists refute claims that a comet destroyed Hopewell culture In February 2022, the journal Scientific Reports published a paper with the claim that a comet exploded over what is now Cincinnati around 1,500 years ago, raining fire over the area and destroying villages and farm fields, supposedly resulting in the rapid decline of the ancient Indigenous Hopewell culture.
	A roadmap to help AI technologies speak African languages From text-generating ChatGPT to voice-activated Siri, artificial intelligence-powered tools are designed to aid our everyday life—as long as you speak a language they support. These technologies are out of reach for billions of people who don't use English, French, Spanish or other mainstream languages, but researchers in Africa are looking to change that.
	Study reveals persistent racial disparities in school exclusionary discipline, recommends promising reforms Despite the practice of exclusionary discipline in schools declining over the past decade, policy and program reforms intended to replace the practice largely have not benefited African American students, according to a new study from Associate Professor of Education and Public Policy Richard Welsh recently published in Children and Youth Services Review.
	Western firms still doing business in Russia finance the war. Here's how to recoup the huge cost to taxpayers In Russia this summer, you can still enjoy a Cornetto, but you can forget about eating a Tunnock's tea cake or a Big Mac. This is because Cornetto's UK-headquartered parent company, Unilever, is still operating in Russia after its invasion of Ukraine, alongside many other western firms such as PepsiCo.

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